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Introduction: Major scientific achievements Determining the diffusion profiles and diffusion coefficients of Mn, Fe and Mo for the Al2O3 type ceramics as related to the conditions of joining alumina ceramics to metals,A thermodynamic description of a liquid state reaction during the joining process of alumina ceramics to metals, later to be experimentally confirmed and the related calculations verified,Defining the distribution fields of internal stresses by the method of finite elements and proposing the optimal construction of ceramic-to-metal joints,Defining the structures of intermediate layers at joining oxide and nitride ceramics to metals, and relating these structures to the strength of joints,Reduction of internal stresses at the welding of materials of different thermal extension coefficients (e.g. Cu-Al2O3) by using functionally graded materials (FGM).